The Edinburgh Academy

Ecosystems

1. With reference to a named example of an ecosystem you have studied, describe how it has been affected by farmers. Refer to at least four different affects and develop your ideas fully. (7)
2. Explain why large areas of tropical rainforest are being destroyed. You may refer to named examples you have studied. (6)
3. What are the effects of large scale removal of rainforest on local people and the natural environment of that area? (6)

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

1. With reference to a named example you have studied, describe the hazards to people and the environment caused by a volcanic eruption. (6)
2. Explain why many people live in areas affected by volcanic activity. (7)
3. Describe the location of the world’s main earthquake zones. Using examples which you have studied give reasons why earthquakes occur in these zones. (7)
4. Describe the effects of an earthquake on people and the economy in an area you’ve studied. (7)
5. Why is it that the most powerful earthquakes do not always cause the greatest destruction and loss of life? (6)
6. For a named volcano that you have studied: explain the causes of the eruption (you may use diagrams if you wish) (4)
7. and describe how the volcanic eruption affected the surrounding area. (5)

Industry

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages to an economically developing country of an increase in manufacturing industry? (6)
2. Industry is changing in economically developed countries such as the UK. With reference to an example or examples you have studied, describe the changes taking place and their effects on employment. (6)
3. The production process of manufacturing industry can put the natural environment at risk. Explain how environmental damage can be caused and what is being done, or may be done, to reduce this risk. Refer to examples you have studied. (8)
4. The quality of life of people may be affected by the development of manufacturing industry. Name and locate an industry which you have studied and describe how it has affected the local environment and people living nearby. (7)
5. For one manufacturing industry that you have studied, explain the reasons for its location. (5)
6. What attracts industries to footloose locations? (5)
7. Describe the impacts of the growth of a new industry in an area on its people and economy. You should refer to an example which you have studied. (4)
8. For a named and located industry in the UK which you have studied, explain why the industry has developed there. (7)

Population

1. With reference to a named example you have studied, explain why people sometimes migrate from urban areas to rural areas. (5)
2. The population of a country can change due to international migration. For an example you have studied, describe the reasons for this international migration. (7)
3. Describe the effects of a large dependent population on the economy, planning and service provision of a country. Refer to one or more examples you have studied. (7)
4. The population in some rural areas has increased due to migration. Explain why this has happened. Refer to areas you have studied. (6)
5. Describe the conflicts which may arise in rural areas as a result of increasing population. (5)
6. Why is the rate of natural population increase higher in some countries than in others? (5)
7. With reference to one or more named countries that you have studied, describe the attempts which have been made to control the rate of natural increase of population. (6)
8. What impacts will overpopulation have on a country? (4)
9. Why do birth rate and life expectancy vary between countries at different levels of economic development? (7)

Water / Rivers / Coasts

1. Choose one of – waterfall, flood plain, oxbow lake. With the aid of a diagram or series of diagrams explain how the landform has been formed. (7)
2. Describe some of the methods used to reduce the risk of flooding in a drainage basin. You should refer to examples you have studied. (6)
3. With reference to a named river basin which you have studied, describe the causes and effects of a river flood. (8)
4. Describe methods that can be used to protect the coastline from erosion. You should refer to one or more areas that you have studied. (7)
5. Polluted rivers are a major problem in Britain. Suggest how the water quality could be improved. What difficulties do people face in trying to clean up rivers? (5)
6. For a named river, lake or sea which you have studied, describe the effects of water pollution. You should refer to the effects on both people and the natural environment. (7)
7. Name and locate a coastal feature formed by deposition. Describe it and explain how it was formed. You may draw a labelled diagram as part of your answer. (7)

Energy

1. Name one type of energy that you have studied other than coal. Describe the advantages and disadvantages associated with its production, distribution and consumption. (8)
2. The production and distribution of Energy can put the natural environment at risk. Explain how environmental damage can be caused and what is being done, or may be done, to reduce this risk. Refer to examples you have studied. (8)
3. Using an example from an LEDC, describe how energy production has affected the natural environment. (6)
4. What can be done to reduce acid rain? Explain why countries have to work together to achieve this. (6)
5. What are the likely consequences of global warming? You should refer to named examples. (7)

Agriculture

1. Farming can put the natural environment at risk. Explain how environmental damage can be caused and what is being done, or may be done, to reduce this risk. Refer to examples you have studied. (8)
2. In many parts of the world, farmers have attempted to increase the productivity of their land. For a named and located area which you have studied: describe the methods which farmers have used to increase their output and the impact of these changes on the natural environment. (7)
3. Modern farming methods may cause river pollution. Describe how such pollution may occur and outline the effects on the river ecosystem. Refer to at least one named example that you have studied. (7)
4. For a named LEDC, describe how farming is changing. (7)
5. For a named MEDC, describe how farming is changing. (7)